一、穆勒矩阵构成
穆勒矩阵是一个4*4的矩阵，完整描述了介质的偏振属性。可通过水平线偏振光H、垂直线偏振光V，45°线偏振光P，右旋圆偏振光R入射，并分别探测水平线偏振光H、垂直线偏振光V，45°线偏振光P，右旋圆偏振光R出射情况下的能量值，即16种偏振态组合下的强度结果，HH/ HV/ HP/ HR，PH/ PV/ PP/ PR，VH/ VV/ VP / VR和RH/ RV/ RP/ RR。进而Mueller矩阵可按照公式（1）计算得到：(First, the Muller matrix　　　　　 The Muller matrix is a 4*4 matrix that completely describes the polarization properties of the medium. The horizontal line, vertical line polarized light polarized light H V, 45 degrees P linearly polarized light, right circularly polarized incident detection and R, respectively, H vertical horizontal line polarized light polarized light V, 45 degrees P linearly polarized light, right circularly polarized light R emitted under the condition of energy intensity results of 16 kinds of polarization combinations HH/ HV/, HP/ HR, PH/ PV/ PP/ PR VH/, VV/ VP and RH/ RV/ RP/ RR / VR. Furthermore, the Mueller matrix can be calculated according to formula (1):)