In the past, distribution system load flow was the only

tool used for planning or/and operational purposes [4-

121. Recently, with the growing interest in distribution

automation systems (DAS), real-time control of the

distribution system has become possible. DAS needs

many meters to obtain real-time measurements, with

which it is possible to develop algorithms to identify

the network topology, and a distribution SE may soon

be justified to provide the real-time power profile. Similar

to EMS, SE should be executed after the network

topology update.

In a distribution