遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm）是模拟达尔文生物进化论的自然选择和遗传学机理的生物进化过程的计算模型，是一种通过模拟自然进化过程搜索最优解的方法，它最初由美国Michigan大学J.Holland教授于1975年首先提出来的，并出版了颇有影响的专著《Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems》，GA这个名称才逐渐为人所知，J.Holland教授所提出的GA通常为简单遗传算法（SGA）。遗传算法广泛应用在生物信息学、系统发生学、计算科学、工程学、经济学、化学、制造、数学、物理、药物测量学和其他领域之中。(The genetic algorithm (Genetic Algorithm) is a computational model of biological evolution process of natural selection and genetic mechanism of the simulation of Darwin's theory of biological evolution, is a kind of method to search the optimal solution through simulating the process of natural evolution, it initially by Professor J.Holland of Michigan University in the United States first proposed in 1975, and published an influential monograph "Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems GA", the name became known, J.Holland proposed by Prof. GA is usually a simple genetic algorithm (SGA). Genetic algorithms are widely used in bioinformatics, phylogeny, computational science, engineering, economics, chemistry, manufacturing, mathematics, physics, drug measurement, and other fields.)