通过实例来研究SAS软件中的因子分析和主成分分析及二者分析结果的比较。以2012年城镇消费支出资料（数据来源于2013年《中国统计年鉴》）为依据，对全国31个省市进行主成分分析和因子分析，31个省市消费支出指标为X_1—食品，X_2—衣着，X_3—家庭设备及用品，X_4—医疗保健，X_5—交通通信，X_6—文教娱乐，X_7—居住，X_8其他商品和服务。(The factor analysis and principal component analysis of SAS software and the comparison between them are studied by examples. Town in 2012 consumer spending data (data from China statistical yearbook, 2013), on the basis of 31 provinces and cities nationwide, principal component analysis and factor analysis in 31 provinces and cities consumer spending index for X_1 - food, X_2 - clothing, X_3, household equipment and supplies, X_4 - health care, X_5 - traffic communication, X_6 - cultural and educational entertainment, X_7 - living, X_8 other goods and services.)