统计推断(statistical inference)，是指根据带随机性的观测数据（样本）以及问题的条件和假定（模型），而对未知事物作出的，以概率形式表述的推断。它是数理统计学的主要任务，其理论和方法构成数理统计学的主要内容。统计推断的一个基本特点是：其所依据的条件中包含有带随机性的观测数据。(Statistical inference refers to the inference in the form of probability, based on the observation data (sample) with randomness and the condition and assumption (model) of the problem. It is the main task of mathematical statistics, and its theory and method constitute the main content of mathematical statistics. One of the basic characteristics of statistical inference is that the conditions under which it is based include observational data with randomness.)