本文在阅读大量遗传算法小生境技术资料基础上，介绍了遗传算法的特点、物种形成和小生境技术，详细陈述上世纪80年代以来的各种小生境实现方法，包括共享函数法、确定性排挤法、可变半径的聚类算法和隔离小生境方法等；最后对小生境遗传算法的工程应用提出了展望。

-In this paper, a lot of reading technical information niching genetic algorithm based on the characteristics of genetic algorithms introduced, species formation and niche technologies, described in detail since the last century, 80 years to achieve a variety of niche methods, including sharing function method, deterministic exclusion method, variable radius clustering algorithm and isolation niche etc.　Finally, the niche genetic algorithm for engineering application prospects made.