Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population based stochastic optimization technique developed by Dr. Eberhart and Dr. Kennedy in 1995, inspired by social behavior of bird flocking or fish schooling. Each particle keeps track of its coordinates

The low­ level speech compression algorithm of the GSM suite is called GSM 06.10 RPE­ LTP (Regular­ Pulse Excitation Long­ Term Predictor). My colleague Dr. Carsten Bormann and I have implemented a GSM 06.10 RPE­ LTP coder and dec