Radio Propagation • Large scale fades – Attenuation: in free space, power degrades by 1/d2 – Shadows: signals blocked by obstructing structures • Small scale fades – Multipath effects: » Rapid changes in signal strength over

Research towards meeting the higher demands for higher data rates was the main reason for the birth of an evolution technology towards the 4th generation mobile communication systems. This evolution to the current 3rd generation UMTS systems