以微处理器MPU为核心组成的通用微机系统；另一分支是发展面向对象的用于实时测控领域的微控制器 MCU，亦称单片微计算机（单片机）。随着超大规模高速集成电路的发展，现代电子技术的设计与应用进入了片上系统SOC（System On a Chip）阶段，从而使单片机的设计与应用技术发生了深刻的变化。SOC的设计要从整个系统的功能及性能出发，把微处理器（MPU）、芯片结构、数字/模拟等外围器件全部放置在一块芯片中，完成整个系统的功能，真正实现"系统单片机"。-Microprocessor MPU as the core composed of a microcomputer-based system　the other branch of the development of object-oriented real-time monitoring and control used in the field of micro-controller, MCU, also known as single-chip microcomputer (SCM). With the development of ultra-large-scale high-speed integrated circuits, modern design and application of electronic technology into the system on chip SOC (System On a Chip) phase, so that the design and application of SCM technology has undergone profound changes. SOC design from the entire system functions and performance of starting, the microprocessor (MPU), chip architecture, digital/analog and other peripheral devices all placed in a chip to complete the entire system, to really achieve the " system microcontroller."