Integrated technologies allow to develop magnetic measurement systems on chip. Since

they can be integrated using any standard manufacturing process, Hall effect sensors are

particularly attractive for low cost magnetometers design. Thus, the first part of this thesis is focused on the improvement of this type of sensors using electronic circuits. We demonstrate that the association of a specific circuit and a Hall effect sensor of a particular shape allows to reach any absolute sensitivity. We also propose a new method for canceling the piezo-resistance effect which is responsible for a parasitic cross-sensitivity.