本文在了解神经元和BP算法的基础上，使用MATLAB软件作为开发工具建立BP神经网络模型，重点研究了BP神经网络结构设计的原理和方法，包括影响BP神经网络训练能力的因素，以及这些因素如何影响BP神经网络的性能；改变不同参量，对比实验数据，总结各个参量对BP神经网络的影响。从而寻找最佳的BP神经网络模型。本文还对一些其他的神经网络算法进行了总结和介绍。-　　In this paper , based on understanding of the neuronal model and　learning BP algorithm. Making use of Matlab software development tools as the establishment of a three-tier BP neural network model used in the project.Morever, Focus on the BP neural network architecture design principles and methods including the impact of BP neural network training ability of factors, and how these factors affect BP neural network performance　changes in different parameters, as compared with the experimental data, summing up the various parameters of BP neural network effects. In order to find the best BP neural network model.This paper also introduce a number of other neural network structure and Algorithm.