Direct Torque and Indirect Flux Control

of Brushless DC MotorAbstract—Inthis paper, the position-sensorless direct torque and

indirect flux control of brushless dc (BLDC) motor with nonsinusoidal

back electromotive force (EMF) has been extensively investigated.

In the literature, several methods have been proposed for

BLDC motor drives to obtain optimum current and torque control

with minimum torque pulsations. Most methods are complicated

and do not consider the stator flux linkage control, therefore, possible

high-speed operations are not feasible