介绍张量分解的基本原理和应用，力求在广度和深度方面都有所兼顾，这是以往类似的文章所没有做到的。这篇综述性质的文章旨在为研究人员和初学者提供一个良好的开端，让研究人员有兴趣使用张量运算来解决问题。(This paper introduces the basic principles and applications of tensor decomposition, and strives to give consideration to both breadth and depth, which is not done by similar articles in the past. This review is aimed at providing a good start for researchers and beginners, so that researchers will be interested in solving problems by tensor calculus.)