遗传算法（Genetic Algorithm）是模拟达尔文生物进化论的自然选择和遗传学机理的生物进化过程的计算模型，是一种通过模拟自然进化过程搜索最优解的方法。遗传算法是从代表问题可能潜在的解集的一个种群（population）开始的，而一个种群则由经过基因（gene）编码的一定数目的个体(individual)组成。每个个体实际上是染色体(chromosome)带有特征的实体。染色体作为遗传物质的主要载体，即多个基因的集合，其内部表现（即基因型）是某种基因组合，它决定了个体的形状的外部表现，如黑头发的特征是由染色体中控制这一特征的某种基因组合决定的。(The genetic algorithm (Genetic Algorithm) is a computational model of the evolutionary process of the natural selection and genetic mechanism of Darwin's biological evolution theory. It is a method to search the optimal solution by simulating the natural evolution process. A genetic algorithm begins with a population (population) that represents the possible potential solution of a problem, and a population consists of a certain number of individuals (individual) encoded by the gene (gene). Each individual is actually an entity with a characteristic chromosome (chromosome). The chromosome is the main carrier of genetic material, the collection of multiple genes, and its internal representation (genotypes) is a combination of genes that determine the external manifestations of the individual shape, such as black hair, which is determined by a certain combination of genes that control this characteristic in the chromosome.)