针对离线签名鉴别可利用的信息少、鉴别难度大的问题，提出了一种基于数学形态学的签名真伪鉴别方法。该方法首先对采集的签名图像进行灰度化、二值化、滤波去噪、取反归一化等预处理，然后利用数学形态学的各种运算，结合不同大小和不同方向的结构元素提取签名中具有明显方向性特征的笔划，最后基于笔划的长短、粗细、间隔等信息对鉴别样本做出判别。实验结果表明，该方法能有效地提高鉴别的正确率，改善鉴别的实时性，对于应用新方法进行离线签名真伪鉴别是一次有益的尝试，具有一定的实用和推广价值。-It is much more complex and difficult for off-line signature identification attributable to the limitation of available information. To solve the problem, a signature identification method based on mathematical morphology is proposed. The signature image is gray-scaled、two-valued、filtered、negated and normalized at the stage of preprocess　strokes which possess distinctive directional characteristics are extracted by using mathematical morphology and combining different scales/directions structure element　at last judgement are maked for sample in accordance with length、thickness and distance of strokes. Experimental results showed the proposed method can enhance accurate rate effectively, improve real-time performance, which is a try beneficial to apply new methods for off-line signature identification, having the certain promotion application value.